Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis kills 1.5 million people worldwide every year. Antibiotics to treat TB exist, but in recent years, multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and totally drug-resistant (TDR) strains of the bacterium have developed. According to a new study publishing May 31st in the open-access journal PLOS Biology by Ho-Yeon Song of Soonchunhyang University in the Republic of Korea and colleagues, a new class of antibiotics is highly effective against drug-resistant tuberculosis. If validated in clinical trials, the new drug class would represent a major advance in the treatment of tuberculosis.