When the comprehensive health care reform law known as the Affordable Care Act was enacted in 2010, it sought to eliminate the barriers preventing many Americans from accessing health care—primarily by making health insurance available to more people. But a lack of physicians, particularly primary care physicians (PCPs), remains a major barrier to health care in many communities with high poverty levels. As such, in 2011, the federal government invested more than $11 billion aimed at expanding the PCP workforce in medically underserved communities.