The addition of procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy to radiation therapy (RT) was shown to lengthen both disease control and survival relative to RT alone as first-line therapy following surgery on the NRG/Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 9402 and European Organization for the Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 26951 clinical trials. The results reinforce the importance of PCV as a therapeutic chemotherapy regimen for gliomas, despite a transition, since these studies were launched, to temozolomide due to its lower toxicity and perceived equivalence of efficacy. Updated mature long-term results from the RTOG and EORTC studies were recently published as a joint report in the Journal of Clinical Oncology .