During a pandemic like the one caused by SARS-CoV-2, it is impossible to quickly vaccinate the entire population. Which individuals should be vaccinated first? The most fragile in order to reduce their risk of becoming ill? The youngest and most active individuals in order to limit epidemic progression? The decision is further complicated if we adopt an evolutionary standpoint: vaccination induces a selection pressure that can favor certain strains of the virus, or variants, that are resistant to vaccines.