We are in the midst of a scientific and technological revolution. The computers of today use artificial intelligence to learn from example and to execute sophisticated functions that, until recently, were thought impossible. These smart algorithms can recognize faces and even drive autonomous vehicles. Deep learning networks, which are responsible for many of these technological advances, are based on the same principles that form the structure of our brain: they are composed of artificial nerve cells that are connected to one another through artificial synapses; these cells send signals to one another via these synapses.