A new study by scientists from Duke-NUS Medical School found that human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-E4) infections—long thought to circulate only among U.S. military populations—are increasing in the general population around the globe. In their review of 144 studies, the team found that more than 24,500 HAdV-E4 infections were reported from all geographic regions of the world except Central America and the Caribbean between 1960 and 2020, with 11.5 percent of infections in the general population. They highlight that infections in the general population have been on an upward trajectory since the first such infections were reported in the 1970s and call for continued investment in HAdV-E4 vaccine development.